背景

本文是《Java 后端从小白到大神》修仙系列之框架学习，Spring Cloud 微服务实战系列的 第十二篇。Spring Cloud 是构建微服务架构的基石，拥有完整的服务治理生态，在云原生架构中广泛应用。本系列将从架构认知到实际工程，逐步构建一套企业级 Spring Cloud 微服务项目。若想详细学习请点击首篇博文开始，现在开始学习。

文章概览

Spring Cloud 架构设计模式与企业实战落地：

  1. 微服务之间调用的分层与解耦策略（API模块）
  2. 服务拆分与聚合：以业务为中心 vs 技术为中心
  3. 技术架构演进：从单体到 Serverless + 云原生趋势
  4. 统一平台中台建设思路：用户中心 / 权限中心 / 日志中心
  5. 架构师必备思维：稳定性设计 + 可观测性 + 扩展性

1. 服务间通信的分层与解耦（API模块）

1.1 原因：防止模块强耦合

微服务之间调用若使用实体类、DTO、异常等直接依赖对方模块，容易造成：

  • 模块耦合紧密，难以演化
  • 修改 A 服务的类，B/C/D 服务编译报错
  • 版本升级带来风险

1.2 解决方案：引入独立 api 模块

我们在前面的项目结构中采用如下分层策略：

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user-api      // 提供 DTO / Feign 接口
user-service  // 实现具体业务逻辑
task-service  // 引用 user-api 发起调用

1.3 落地代码示例

user-api 模块

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@Data
public class UserDTO {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
}

@FeignClient(name = "user-service", contextId = "userClient")
public interface UserClient {
    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    UserDTO getById(@PathVariable Long id);
}

task-service 模块引用

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@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Service
public class TaskService {
    private final UserClient userClient;

    public void assignTask(Long userId) {
        UserDTO user = userClient.getById(userId);
        // ...
    }
}

实现了接口隔离 + 编译时解耦

2. 服务拆分与聚合：以业务为中心 vs 技术为中心

2.1 错误拆分方式：按技术层拆分

如下方式是常见误区：

  • auth-service：认证服务
  • user-service：用户服务
  • role-service：角色服务
  • permission-service：权限服务

这样拆分导致每个业务需要多服务协同，请求链冗长、性能下降。

2.2 推荐拆分方式：按业务域拆分

将服务围绕真实业务领域拆分，例如：

  • account-service：账户域（用户/权限/认证）
  • task-service：任务域（任务分配/流程管理）
  • report-service：报表域（数据统计/导出）

每个领域服务内部可以包含多个模块，但对外只暴露 API。

2.3 聚合场景：网关 + 聚合服务 + BFF 层

前端访问聚合数据时避免多次调用：

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@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class DashboardController {
    private final TaskClient taskClient;
    private final UserClient userClient;

    @GetMapping("/dashboard")
    public DashboardVO get() {
        List<TaskDTO> tasks = taskClient.getRecentTasks();
        List<UserDTO> users = userClient.getTopUsers();
        return new DashboardVO(tasks, users);
    }
}

聚合由 BFF（Backend For Frontend）服务 完成，保持服务粒度。

3. 技术架构演进：从单体到 Serverless + 云原生趋势

3.1 演进阶段

阶段 特点 工具
单体应用 所有功能部署在一个进程 Spring Boot
微服务化 拆分为多个独立服务 Spring Cloud / Dubbo
容器化部署 服务容器编排 + 弹性伸缩 Docker + K8s
云原生架构 无状态、可观测、自动运维 Spring Cloud + Istio
Serverless 化 无需关注服务器 AWS Lambda / 阿里函数计算

3.2 Spring Cloud 如何适配

  • 与 Kubernetes（K8s）无缝集成：服务注册 + ConfigMap + Deployment
  • 支持 Prometheus + Grafana 可观测体系
  • 结合 Knative 支持函数式服务

构建一套可伸缩、自修复、自治的服务架构。

4. 统一平台中台建设思路：用户中心 / 权限中心 / 日志中心

企业级系统发展到中后期，通常会沉淀一套共享平台能力，构建 中台架构：

4.1 用户中心（统一认证）

目标：

  • 单点登录（SSO）
  • OAuth2 / JWT 鉴权
  • 用户信息跨服务共享

使用方案：

  • Spring Authorization Server（或使用 Auth0、Keycloak）
  • 自定义认证中心服务 auth-service

4.2 权限中心（RBAC 权限体系）

提供统一的权限模型：

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用户 -> 角色 -> 权限 -> 资源（URI/菜单/按钮）

服务调用时，网关鉴权 + 服务内权限控制：

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@PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('task:edit')")
@PostMapping("/task")
public void updateTask(...) {}

4.3 日志中心（统一日志采集）

使用 ELK/EFK 架构：

  • Logstash / Fluentd 采集容器日志
  • Elasticsearch 存储
  • Kibana 分析搜索

统一日志格式设计（参考 starter-task-common 中封装的切面）：

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{
  "timestamp": "...",
  "traceId": "...",
  "service": "task-service",
  "user": "admin",
  "action": "createTask",
  "result": "success"
}

5. 架构师必备思维：稳定性设计 + 可观测性 + 扩展性

5.1 稳定性设计：三板斧

  1. 限流：Sentinel、Gateway 过滤器
  2. 熔断：Feign + Sentinel fallback 机制
  3. 降级兜底：返回缓存或兜底数据，保证系统可用

代码示例（Sentinel）：

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@FeignClient(name = "user-service", fallback = UserFallback.class)
public interface UserClient {
    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    UserDTO getById(@PathVariable Long id);
}

@Component
public class UserFallback implements UserClient {
    public UserDTO getById(Long id) {
        return new UserDTO(id, "匿名用户");
    }
}

5.2 可观测性设计：三大支柱

类型 工具 示例
日志 ELK / Loki 请求日志、异常堆栈
指标 Prometheus CPU、内存、QPS
链路追踪 Zipkin / Skywalking 服务 A → B → C

通过统一 TraceId，实现端到端请求追踪：

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MDC.put("traceId", UUID.randomUUID().toString());

5.3 扩展性设计：插件化 & 模块化

示例：自定义 Starter 方式封装切面日志系统 starter-task-common

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@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TaskLog {
    String value();
}

结合 @EnableTaskLog 激活切面：

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@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "tasklog.enabled", havingValue = "true")
public class TaskLogAutoConfig {
    @Bean
    public TaskLogAspect taskLogAspect() {
        return new TaskLogAspect();
    }
}

可插拔，符合企业架构灵活演进需求。

6. 完整项目

综合12篇所学知识，完整的项目源码、目录、架构图。

6.1 项目概述

cloudtask 是一个分布式任务管理与通知系统，用于练习 Spring Cloud 的所有组件。项目模拟企业级微服务架构，涵盖服务注册、配置管理、网关路由、服务通信、熔断降级、链路追踪、消息驱动、安全认证、分布式事务、分布式锁、API 文档和服务网格。以下是完整源码和配置文件。包含以下模块：

  • auth-service: JWT 认证和权限管理。
  • user-service: 用户数据管理，集成 Nacos 配置。
  • task-service: 任务分配，集成 Redisson 锁和链路追踪。
  • gateway-service: 网关路由和 OAuth2 认证。
  • common: 全局异常处理和工具类。
  • user-api: Feign 接口定义。
  • starter-task-common: 自定义 Starter（日志切面和注解）。
  • config-service: 动态配置管理（Nacos）。
  • tracing-service: 链路追踪（Sleuth + Zipkin）。
  • monitor-service: 监控指标（Micrometer + Prometheus + Grafana）。
  • transaction-service: 分布式事务（Seata）。
  • lock-service: 分布式锁和缓存（Redisson + Caffeine）。
  • api-doc-service: API 文档（Springdoc）。
  • mesh-service: 模拟服务网格（Istio）。
  • notify-service: 消息通知（Kafka + Spring Cloud Stream）。

6.2 架构图

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[Client] --> [gateway-service] --> [auth-service] --> [JWT Token]
                   |                  |
                   |                  --> [user-service] --> [User Data]
                   |                  |
                   --> [task-service] --> [lock-service] --> [Redisson Lock]
                   |                  |                  |
                   |                  --> [transaction-service] --> [Seata]
                   |                  |
                   --> [notify-service] --> [Kafka] --> [Async Notification]
                   |                  |
                   --> [tracing-service] --> [Zipkin]
                   |                  |
                   --> [monitor-service] --> [Prometheus/Grafana]
                   |                  |
                   --> [config-service] --> [Nacos Config]
                   |                  |
                   --> [api-doc-service] --> [Swagger UI]
                   |
                   --> [mesh-service] --> [Istio Traffic]

6.3 项目源码

父项目pom.xml 
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>auth-service</module>
        <module>user-service</module>
        <module>task-service</module>
        <module>gateway-service</module>
        <module>common</module>
        <module>user-api</module>
        <module>starter-task-common</module>
        <module>config-service</module>
        <module>tracing-service</module>
        <module>monitor-service</module>
        <module>transaction-service</module>
        <module>lock-service</module>
        <module>api-doc-service</module>
        <module>mesh-service</module>
        <module>notify-service</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>21</java.version>
        <spring.boot.version>3.2.5</spring.boot.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2023.0.0</spring.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2023.0.3.3</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
        <maven.compiler.release>${java.version}</maven.compiler.release>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <release>${java.version}</release>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
1. auth-service 项目源码

功能

  • 提供 JWT 认证和权限管理。
  • 支持用户登录，生成 JWT Token。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>auth-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-authorization-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/auth/AuthServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.auth;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AuthServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AuthServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/auth/config/SecurityConfig.java

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package com.yutao.auth.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
                .requestMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            )
            .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2.jwt());
        return http.build();
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/auth/controller/AuthController.java

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package com.yutao.auth.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public String login(@RequestBody LoginRequest request) {
        // 模拟 JWT 登录
        return "JWT Token for " + request.getUsername();
    }

    static class LoginRequest {
        private String username;
        private String password;

        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }

        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }

        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }

        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: auth-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  security:
    oauth2:
      resourceserver:
        jwt:
          issuer-uri: http://localhost:9001

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/auth-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
2. user-service 项目源码

功能

  • 管理用户数据（CRUD）。
  • 集成 Nacos 配置，动态加载用户设置。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/user/UserServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/user/controller/UserController.java

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package com.yutao.user.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
    @Value("${user.setting:default}")
    private String setting;

    @GetMapping("/setting")
    public String getSetting() {
        return setting;
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public String getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return "User: " + id;
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 9002

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/user-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
3. task-service 项目源码

功能

  • 处理任务分配，使用 Redisson 分布式锁。
  • 集成链路追踪（Sleuth）。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>task-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
            <artifactId>redisson-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.23.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>user-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/task/TaskServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.task;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class TaskServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TaskServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/task/controller/TaskController.java

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package com.yutao.task.controller;

import com.yutao.user.api.UserClient;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/tasks")
public class TaskController {
    @Autowired
    private RedissonClient redissonClient;
    @Autowired
    private UserClient userClient;

    @GetMapping("/assign")
    public String assignTask() {
        RLock lock = redissonClient.getLock("task-lock");
        try {
            if (lock.tryLock()) {
                String user = userClient.getUser(1L);
                return "Task assigned to " + user;
            }
            return "Task assignment locked";
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: task-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 9003

spring:
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      probability: 1.0
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/task-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
4. gateway-service 项目源码

功能

  • 提供网关路由和 OAuth2 认证。
  • 统一入口，路由到各服务。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>gateway-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/gateway/GatewayServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.gateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/gateway/config/GatewayConfig.java

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package com.yutao.gateway.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("auth_service", r -> r.path("/auth/**")
                        .uri("lb://auth-service"))
                .route("user_service", r -> r.path("/users/**")
                        .uri("lb://user-service"))
                .route("task_service", r -> r.path("/tasks/**")
                        .uri("lb://task-service"))
                .build();
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/gateway/config/SecurityConfig.java

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package com.yutao.gateway.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.reactive.EnableWebFluxSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.web.server.ServerHttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;

@Configuration
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
        http
            .authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
                .pathMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
                .anyExchange().authenticated()
            )
            .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2.jwt());
        return http.build();
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8888

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true
          lower-case-service-id: true

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/gateway-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
5. common 项目源码

功能

  • 提供全局异常处理和工具类。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>common</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/common/exception/GlobalExceptionHandler.java

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package com.yutao.common.exception;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e) {
        return "Error: " + e.getMessage();
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/common/util/JsonUtil.java

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package com.yutao.common.util;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class JsonUtil {
    private static final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    public static String toJson(Object obj) throws Exception {
        return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
    }
}
6. user-api 项目源码

功能

  • 定义 Feign 接口，供其他服务调用。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>user-api</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/user/api/UserClient.java

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package com.yutao.user.api;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient(name = "user-service")
public interface UserClient {
    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    String getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
7. starter-task-common 项目源码

功能

  • 提供自定义 Starter，包含日志切面和注解，用于在其他模块中启用日志记录功能。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>starter-task-common</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/starter/aspect/TaskAspect.java

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package com.yutao.starter.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Aspect
@Component
public class TaskAspect {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TaskAspect.class);

    @Around("@annotation(com.yutao.starter.annotation.TaskLog)")
    public Object logTask(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        String methodName = joinPoint.getSignature().getName();
        logger.info("Starting task: {}", methodName);
        Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
        logger.info("Completed task: {}", methodName);
        return result;
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/starter/annotation/TaskLog.java

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package com.yutao.starter.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TaskLog {
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/starter/TaskCommonAutoConfiguration.java

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package com.yutao.starter;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.yutao.starter.aspect")
public class TaskCommonAutoConfiguration {
}
8. config-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Nacos Config 管理动态配置，支持多环境（dev/test/prod）。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>config-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/config/ConfigServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.config;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConfigServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/config/controller/ConfigController.java

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package com.yutao.config.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/config")
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigController {
    @Value("${config.title:默认配置}")
    private String title;

    @GetMapping("/title")
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: config-service
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8889

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  endpoint:
    refresh:
      enabled: true

logging:
  level:
    com.alibaba.nacos: DEBUG

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/config-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]

Nacos 配置 (config-service-dev.yaml)

在 Nacos 控制台中创建，命名空间为 public，分组为 DEFAULT_GROUP：

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config:
  title: "Spring Cloud 微服务配置中心空间启动成功"
9. tracing-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Sleuth 和 Zipkin 实现分布式链路追踪，记录服务调用链。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>tracing-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/tracing/TracingServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.tracing;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class TracingServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TracingServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/tracing/controller/TraceController.java

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package com.yutao.tracing.controller;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/trace")
public class TraceController {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TraceController.class);

    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String testTrace() {
        logger.info("Trace test endpoint called");
        return "Trace test completed";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: tracing-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 9411

spring:
  sleuth:
    sampler:
      probability: 1.0
  zipkin:
    base-url: [invalid url, do not cite]

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/tracing-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
10. monitor-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Micrometer 和 Prometheus 收集监控指标，结合 Grafana 可视化。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>monitor-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
            <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/monitor/MonitorServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.monitor;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MonitorServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MonitorServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/monitor/controller/MonitorController.java

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package com.yutao.monitor.controller;

import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/monitor")
public class MonitorController {
    @Autowired
    private MeterRegistry meterRegistry;

    @GetMapping("/metrics")
    public String getMetrics() {
        meterRegistry.counter("custom.metrics", "type", "test").increment();
        return "Metrics recorded";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: monitor-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 9090

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"
  metrics:
    export:
      prometheus:
        enabled: true

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/monitor-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
11. transaction-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Seata 实现分布式事务管理，确保跨服务数据一致性。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>transaction-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/transaction/TransactionServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.transaction;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class TransactionServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TransactionServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/transaction/controller/TransactionController.java

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package com.yutao.transaction.controller;

import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/transaction")
public class TransactionController {
    @GlobalTransactional
    @GetMapping("/execute")
    public String executeTransaction() {
        // 模拟分布式事务
        return "Transaction executed";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: transaction-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8091

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: ${spring.application.name}
  tx-service-group: my_tx_group
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
  use-jdk-proxy: false
  service:
    vgroup-mapping:
      my_tx_group: default
  registry:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      namespace: public
  config:
    type: nacos
    nacos:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      namespace: public

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/transaction-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
12. lock-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Redisson 实现分布式锁，Caffeine 实现本地缓存，防止并发冲突和优化性能。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="[invalid url, do not cite] xmlns:xsi="[invalid url, do not cite]
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [invalid url, do not cite]
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>lock-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
            <artifactId>redisson-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.23.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId>
            <artifactId>caffeine</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/lock/LockServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.lock;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class LockServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(LockServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/lock/controller/LockController.java

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package com.yutao.lock.controller;

import com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.Cache;
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/lock")
public class LockController {
    @Autowired
    private RedissonClient redissonClient;
    @Autowired
    private Cache<String, String> caffeineCache;

    @GetMapping("/acquire")
    public String acquireLock() {
        RLock lock = redissonClient.getLock("resource-lock");
        try {
            if (lock.tryLock()) {
                String cachedValue = caffeineCache.getIfPresent("key");
                if (cachedValue == null) {
                    cachedValue = "Cached Value";
                    caffeineCache.put("key", cachedValue);
                }
                return "Lock acquired, cache: " + cachedValue;
            }
            return "Lock acquisition failed";
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/lock/config/CacheConfig.java

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package com.yutao.lock.config;

import com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.Caffeine;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class CacheConfig {
    @Bean
    public com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.Cache<String, String> caffeineCache() {
        return Caffeine.newBuilder()
                .maximumSize(1000)
                .build();
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: lock-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8092

spring:
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/lock-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
13. api-doc-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Springdoc 生成 API 文档，支持 Swagger UI。

  • 提供 RESTful API 的可视化接口，方便开发和测试。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>api-doc-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/apidoc/ApiDocServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.apidoc;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ApiDocServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApiDocServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/apidoc/controller/ApiDocController.java

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package com.yutao.apidoc.controller;

import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api-docs")
public class ApiDocController {
    @Operation(summary = "测试 API 文档")
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String testApi() {
        return "API 文档测试";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: api-doc-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8081

springdoc:
  swagger-ui:
    path: /swagger-ui.html

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/api-doc-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]

使用说明

  • 访问 `[invalid url, do not cite] 查看 Swagger UI。

  • 确保 Nacos 服务运行并注册。

14. mesh-service 项目源码

功能

  • 模拟服务网格（Istio），实现流量管理和故障注入。

  • 提供简单的 REST 接口，模拟服务网格环境。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>mesh-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/mesh/MeshServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.mesh;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MeshServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MeshServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/mesh/controller/MeshController.java

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package com.yutao.mesh.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mesh")
public class MeshController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String testMesh() {
        return "服务网格测试";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: mesh-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8082

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/mesh-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]

使用说明

  • 模拟 Istio 流量管理需部署 Istio 环境（例如 Kubernetes + Istio）。

  • 访问 `[invalid url, do not cite] 测试服务网格接口。

15. notify-service 项目源码

功能

  • 使用 Kafka 和 Spring Cloud Stream 实现异步消息通知。

  • 支持任务分配后的通知发送。

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
        <artifactId>cloudtask</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>notify-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-stream</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-stream-binder-kafka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.yutao</groupId>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

src/main/java/com/yutao/notify/NotifyServiceApp.java

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package com.yutao.notify;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Source;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableBinding(Source.class)
public class NotifyServiceApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NotifyServiceApp.class, args);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/notify/service/NotificationService.java

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package com.yutao.notify.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.function.StreamBridge;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class NotificationService {
    @Autowired
    private StreamBridge streamBridge;

    public void sendNotification(String message) {
        streamBridge.send("output", message);
    }
}

src/main/java/com/yutao/notify/controller/NotifyController.java

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package com.yutao.notify.controller;

import com.yutao.notify.service.NotificationService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/notify")
public class NotifyController {
    @Autowired
    private NotificationService notificationService;

    @PostMapping("/send")
    public String sendNotification(@RequestBody String message) {
        notificationService.sendNotification(message);
        return "通知已发送";
    }
}

src/main/resources/bootstrap.yml

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spring:
  application:
    name: notify-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        file-extension: yaml
        namespace: public
        group: DEFAULT_GROUP
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
        namespace: public

src/main/resources/application.yml

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server:
  port: 8083

spring:
  cloud:
    stream:
      bindings:
        output:
          destination: notification-topic
      kafka:
        binder:
          brokers: localhost:9092

Dockerfile

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FROM openjdk:21-jdk-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY target/notify-service-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
Docker Compose 配置

以下是 docker-compose.yml，用于编排所有服务：

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version: '3.8'
services:
  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.0
    ports:
      - "8848:8848"
      - "9848:9848"
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
      SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST: mysql
      MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT: 3306
      MYSQL_SERVICE_USER: root
      MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME: nacos_config
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "[invalid url, do not cite]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - /Users/yutao/Downloads/devtool/docker/mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7.2
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

  kafka:
    image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.3.0
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:9092
      KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper

  zookeeper:
    image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:7.3.0
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    environment:
      ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181
      ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000

  auth-service:
    image: auth-service
    ports:
      - "9001:9001"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  user-service:
    image: user-service
    ports:
      - "9002:9002"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL=jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/user_db?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=2000&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME=root
      - SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD=root
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  task-service:
    image: task-service
    ports:
      - "9003:9003"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  gateway-service:
    image: gateway-service
    ports:
      - "8888:8888"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  api-doc-service:
    image: api-doc-service
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  mesh-service:
    image: mesh-service
    ports:
      - "8082:8082"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

  notify-service:
    image: notify-service
    ports:
      - "8083:8083"
    depends_on:
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
      kafka:
        condition: service_started
    networks:
      - cloudtask-net

networks:
  cloudtask-net:
    driver: bridge

总结

本篇从架构设计的角度系统总结了 Spring Cloud 在企业落地过程中的 5 大关键：

  1. 服务解耦分层：避免模块耦合
  2. 服务拆分聚合：以业务为中心建模
  3. 架构演进趋势：云原生 + Serverless 是方向
  4. 统一中台建设：沉淀复用基础能力
  5. 架构三性思维：稳定性、可观测性、扩展性

要求既要做好技术选型，也要结合业务场景，才能真正做到架构师的落地修行。